Quá trình hóa học và các sản phẩm âm thanh môi trường và kinh tế là những yếu tố quan trọng trong sự phát triển của một xã hội bền vững. Quy trình công nghệ cung cấp sản phẩm bền vững là dự kiến sẽ thực hiện một số yêu cầu. Đối với các sản phẩm bền vững, tái tạo hoặc tái chế nguyên liệu được sử dụng và tất cả các tài liệu liên quan đến trong quá trình sản xuất đã được đánh giá là nguy cơ và tiềm năng độc tính. Trong quá trình chế biến, nguyên. | 5 Supercritical fluid textile dyeing technology E. BACH andE. SCHOLLMEYER Deutsches Textilforschungszentrum Nord-West Germany Introduction Chemical processes and products that are environmentally and economically sound are key factors in the development of a sustainable society. Process technology that delivers sustainable products is expected to fulfil a number of requirements. For sustainable products renewable or recyclable raw materials should be used and all materials involved in the production process have to be evaluated as to their risk and toxicity potential. During processing raw materials and energy have to be used as efficiently as possible and production of emissions and waste has to be kept to a minimum. The quality of sustainable products must also be high. Commercial competitiveness of the products and the process technology to produce them is another important factor which has to be evaluated Saling et al. 2002 Rebitzer et al. 2004 Pennington et al. 2004 Stewart and Jolliet 2004 Anon 2005a . Although the product textile itself cannot be considered as sustainable the dyeing process of fibres in supercritical carbon dioxide scCO2 is an example of a clean process suitable for fulfilling many of the requirements of sustainability as listed above. In this process a recyclable process medium CO2 is used together with an efficient and minimum input of chemicals only dyes no auxiliaries and energy low dyeing times fusion of processes no drying and with minimal emissions and waste production. The quality of the dyed materials is also very high. Economical feasibility has to be determined in the future after industrial scale up of the plant and the process. Environmental compatibility of CO2 There are many beneficial environmental effects when scCO2 is applied as process medium CO2 does not contribute to smog it has no acute ecotoxicity and the ozone layer is not damaged. It is also non-carcinogenic non-flammable and non-toxic Jessop and Leitner .
