Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành hóa học dành cho các bạn yêu hóa học tham khảo đề tài: Trauma is danger | Hwang et al. Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9 92 http content 9 1 92 JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE REVIEW Open Access Trauma is danger 1 1 Paul F Hwang Nancy Porterfield Dylan Pannell Thomas A Davis and Eric A Elster Abstract Background Trauma is one of the leading causes of death in young adult patients. Many pre-clinical and clinical studies attempt to investigate the immunological pathways involved however the true mediators remain to be elucidated. Herein we attempt to describe the immunologic response to systemic trauma in the context of the Danger model. Data Sources A literature search using PubMed was used to identify pertinent articles describing the Danger model in relation to trauma. Conclusions Our knowledge of Danger signals in relation to traumatic injury is still limited. Danger alarmin signals are the most proximal molecules in the immune response that have many possibilities for effector function in the innate and acquired immune systems. Having a full understanding of these molecules and their pathways would give us the ability to intervene at such an early stage and may prove to be more effective in blunting the postinjury inflammatory response unlike previously failed cytokine experiments. Introduction The immune system has two effector arms innate and adaptive which mediate the response to pathogens and injury. The innate system is a non-specific response while the adaptive system is pathogen and antigen specific. This system has evolved to respond appropriately to pathogen or injury but may be maladaptive in the setting of overwhelming injury as seen in complex traumatic war wounds or multisystem civilian trauma. In the setting of severe traumatic injury the immune system is overwhelmed by the massive release of endogenous signals from injured tissue. Once systemically activated the immune system reacts against the host potentiating tissue damage and leading to organ failure 1 . In .
