Có bằng chứng đáng kể và ngày càng tăng rằng nội tiết gián đoạn được xác định ở đây như là một sự mất cân bằng nội tiết tố bắt đầu tiếp xúc với chất gây ô nhiễm một và dẫn đến thay đổi trong tăng trưởng, phát triển, và / hoặc sinh sản trong cơ thể sinh vật hoặc con cháu đang tác động đến động vật hoang dã của nó tác động bất lợi trên quy mô toàn cầu (Tyler et al 1998; Taylor và Harrison 1999, Vos et al 2000). Các hóa chất nguyên nhân của sự. | 15 Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Their Environmental Impacts R. M. Goodhead and C. R. Tyler INTRODUCTION There is substantial and increasing evidence that endocrine disruption defined here as a hormonal imbalance initiated by exposure to a pollutant and leading to alterations in development growth and or reproduction in an organism or its progeny is impacting wildlife adversely on a global scale Tyler et al. 1998 Taylor and Harrison 1999 Vos et al. 2000 . The causative chemicals of endocrine disruption in wildlife populations are wide ranging and include natural and synthetic steroids pesticides and a plethora of industrial chemicals. The effects induced range from subtle changes in biochemical pathways to major disruptions in reproductive performance. In the worst-case scenarios endocrine disruption has led to population crashes and even the localized extinctions of some wildlife species. This chapter aims to provide the reader with an insight into the phenomenon of endocrine disruption detailing its emergence as a major research theme. We present some of the better-known examples of endocrine disruption in wildlife populations identifying the causative chemicals and explaining when known their mechanisms of action. Increasingly it is being realized that some endocrine disrupting chemicals EDCs have multiple mechanisms of action and we discuss how genomics is starting to unravel the complexity of their biological effect pathways. The identification of various EDCs has principally arisen from observations of adverse effects in wildlife populations but more recently chemicals have been screened systematically for endocrine-disrupting activity and this approach has added very considerably to the list of EDCs of potential concern for wildlife and human health. This chapter also considers the interactive effects of EDCs most wildlife species are exposed to complex mixtures of EDCs and their effects in combination can differ compared with exposure to single .
