As health reform legislation is the most sweeping social policy change in decades, the changes required of the substance use disorder and mental health fields in response will be just as sweeping. The amount, depth, and breadth of the transformation necessary to implement reform effectively go far beyond any change the field has seen in the past. Reform will necessitate not only organizational restructuring, but the development of new services and the use of new technology. To be successful and sustained over time, reform demands a radical shift in the philosophy, culture, behavior, and mindset of an organization. .