Strategic Approach: 1) Identify genetic risk factors for neurocognitive and psychiatric illnesses through high throughput genotyping, proteomics or next generation sequencing platforms, 2) leverage Canada's unique populations and cohorts for the genetic analysis, 3) develop new phenotyping modalities to stratify populations for analysis. Global Context: All neurocognitive and psychiatric disorders of childhood seen in Canada occur worldwide. In autism, mental retardation, and other diseases, it is becoming clear that rare genomic variants account for a significant proportion of illness. Currently about 10% of autism cases can be accounted for by rare and frequently de novo CNV’s. This proportion.