There is value in minimally invasive investigations for ‘difficult’ pains, such as bone scans, MRI, CT and electrophysiological testing. There is a need for clear information on what pain services can provide and how they may be accessed. Better links between palliative care and specialist pain services are also important. Care of a patient suffering from cancer pain requires a holistic approach combining psychological support, social support, rehabilitation and pain management in order to provide the best possible quality of life or quality of death. The WHO 3-step analgesic ladder model has made an enormous contribution, but does have limitations: it.
