Risk management is an evolving discipline. Several organizations have sought to provide assistance and thought leadership through the development of risk management frameworks and guidance. Much, if not most, of this guidance is focused on traditional operating companies and does not contemplate the externally managed structure of investment companies. As a result, while the guidance these organizations have provided is sound, it typically does not focus on the unique issues faced by funds and their boards of directors. Nevertheless, the concepts and observations in the literature provide helpful insights, and a list of some of these publications is included in.