Sir John Vane named vascular endothelium ‘the maestro of blood circula-tion’. Recently, ‘the maestro’ has become a target for pharmacotherapy of atherothrombotic and diabetic vasculopathies with well known cardio-vascular drugs belonging to the families of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors, HMG CoA reductase inhibitors or b1 -Adrenoceptor antagonists. These drugs became upgraded to a position of the pleiotropic endothelial drugs.