The concept of knowledge-crafting proposed here draws from the work of Walter Ong. About 30 years ago, Ong (1978) argued that a skilled author creates a fictional audience for the text to understand its meaning from the prospective readers’ point of view. In contrast to oral communication, the audience for written communication is not actual, but fictional, a product of the writer’s imagination that can play an active role in composition. As Ong explained, "the writer must anticipate all the different senses in which any statement can be interpreted and correspondingly clarify meaning and to cover it suitably.” To.
