Chapter 26 - The urinary system. This chapter reviews the function of the urinary system and the formation of urine. You will learn about various types of urine specimens and howto properly instruct or assist patients with the collection of these specimens. | 26 The Urinary System 26- Learning Outcomes Describe the structure, location, and functions of the kidney. Define the term nephron and describe its structure. Explain how nephrons filter blood and form urine. List substances normally found in urine. 26- Learning Outcomes (cont.) Describe the locations, structures, and functions of the ureters, bladder, and urethra. Explain how urination is controlled. Describe the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatments of various diseases and disorders of the urinary system. 26- Introduction System functions to remove waste products from the blood Main functional units of the kidneys are the nephrons Nephrons filter the blood and form the urine Urinary System Organs Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra 26- The Kidneys Functions Remove metabolic waste products from the blood Secrete the hormone erythropoietin, which stimulates bone marrow to produce red blood cells Secrete the hormone renin, . | 26 The Urinary System 26- Learning Outcomes Describe the structure, location, and functions of the kidney. Define the term nephron and describe its structure. Explain how nephrons filter blood and form urine. List substances normally found in urine. 26- Learning Outcomes (cont.) Describe the locations, structures, and functions of the ureters, bladder, and urethra. Explain how urination is controlled. Describe the causes, signs and symptoms, and treatments of various diseases and disorders of the urinary system. 26- Introduction System functions to remove waste products from the blood Main functional units of the kidneys are the nephrons Nephrons filter the blood and form the urine Urinary System Organs Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra 26- The Kidneys Functions Remove metabolic waste products from the blood Secrete the hormone erythropoietin, which stimulates bone marrow to produce red blood cells Secrete the hormone renin, which helps regulate blood pressure Description The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that lie behind the peritoneal cavity (retroperitoneal) on either side of the vertebral column. 26- The Kidneys (cont.) Renal sinus – concave depression of the surface of the kidney Hilum – point of entry for the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter Renal pelvis – expansion of the ureter that further divides into calyces Kidney 26- The Kidneys (cont.) Renal cortex – outermost portion of the kidney that covers the pyramids and dips down between them Renal medulla – middle portion that also divides into renal pyramids Renal column – portion of the cortex between pyramids Kidney 26- Previous 26- Nephrons Removes waste products from the blood Each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons Made of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule Renal Corpuscles Composed of a group of capillaries called a glomerulus Glomerulus is surrounded by Bowman’s capsule Blood filtration occurs in corpuscle Extend
