With the development of nanotechnology, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have become one of the most indemand nanoparticles owing to their exponential number of uses in various sectors. The increased use of Ag-NPs-enhanced products may result in an increased level of toxicity affecting both the environment and living organisms. Several studies have used different model cell lines to exhibit the cytotoxicity of Ag-NPs, and their underlying molecular mechanisms. This review aimed to elucidate different properties of Ag-NPs that are responsible for the induction of cellular toxicity along with the critical mechanism of action and subsequent defense mechanisms observed in vitro. Our results show that the properties of AgNPs largely vary based on the diversified synthesis processes. The physiochemical properties of Ag-NPs (., size, shape, concentration, agglomeration, or aggregation interaction with a biological system) can cause impairment of mitochondrial function prior to their penetration and accumulation in the mitochondrial membrane. | A systematic review on silver nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity: Physicochemical properties and perspectives
