You can click on some special purpose words and phrases in the reading passages to view a definition or explanation of the term. In the example below, test takers can click on the word "shamans" to view its definition. | TOEFL iBT Reading 12. Directions Complete the table below by matching five of the six answer choices with the approach to aggression that they exemplify. This question is worth 3 points. Approach to Understanding Aggression Associated Claims Biological Approach Psychodynamic Approach Cognitive Approach Answer Choices 4. 5. 1. Aggressive impulses toward people are sometimes expressed in indirect ways. 2. Aggressiveness is often useful for individuals in the struggle for survival. 3. Aggressive behavior may involve a misunderstanding of other people s intentions. The need to express aggressive impulses declines with age. Acting aggressively is the result of a choice influenced by a person s values and beliefs. 6. Repressing aggressive impulses can result in aggressive behavior. PRACTICE SET 4 ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS 1. 0 This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in paragraph 2. The correct answer is choice 3. The question asks specifically for evidence that indicates that aggression in animals is related to the hypothalamus. Answer choice 1 is not supported by the passage. It does not discuss more and less aggressive species or relative development of the hypothalamus. Answer choice 2 contradicts the passage. Electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus causes the instinctive reaction of aggression it does not delay it. Answer choice 4 is incorrect because the passage does not cite as evidence or even mention the removal of the hypothalamus. 2. 0 This is a Factual Information question asking for specific information that can be found in the passage. The correct answer is choice 3 many more individuals are born than can survive until the age of reproduction. This answer choice is essentially a paraphrase of paragraph 3 sentence 4 Darwin held that many more individuals are produced than can find food and survive into adulthood. Choices 1 and 2 are not mentioned at all. Choice 4 may be true but it is not stated in the .
