Handbook of Algorithms for Physical Design Automation part 83 provides a detailed overview of VLSI physical design automation, emphasizing state-of-the-art techniques, trends and improvements that have emerged during the previous decade. After a brief introduction to the modern physical design problem, basic algorithmic techniques, and partitioning, the book discusses significant advances in floorplanning representations and describes recent formulations of the floorplanning problem. The text also addresses issues of placement, net layout and optimization, routing multiple signal nets, manufacturability, physical synthesis, special nets, and designing for specialized technologies. It includes a personal perspective from Ralph Otten as he looks back on. | 802 Handbook of Algorithms for Physical Design Automation proposes a diode insertion and routing algorithm by using minimum-cost network flow optimization and Ref. 63 proposed an optimal algorithm for jumper insertion. However both the diode and jumper insertion approaches only try to fix antenna problem either by diode or jumper insertion alone. The interaction between diode and jumper insertions is not taken into consideration as diode or jumper insertion can be cheaper than one another depending on the design context. The work in Ref. 64 combines diode and jumper insertions for optimal simultaneous diode jumper insertion based on minimum-cost network flow optimization. DEALING WITH MANUFACTURING RULES DURING DETAILED ROUTING The previous section mostly focuses on manufacturability yield optimization at various stages of routing driven by certain manufacturing models metrics or rules of thumb. Although their main purpose is to improve manufacturability at the global scope the final detailed routing still has to satisfy all the required design rules set by manufactures. These rules are contracts guarantees from manufacturers. For nanometer designs these required rules are becoming more and more complicated. In addition to the required rules there can be many even more complicated recommended rules for manufacturability enhancement. This is a topic with very few publications but it is often a designer s nightmare because of the explosion in the number of design rules at the detailed routing level. In this section we use several representative design rules in a progressive more complex manner extracted from advanced technologies and illustrate how they are becoming more complicated and outline approaches for dealing with them at a typical grid-based detailed routing. Some complex design rules when decomposed each may be equivalent to several simpler rules at early technology generations and detailed routers could handle them either during the initial route .
