Tham khảo tài liệu 'the teacher’s grammar booksecond edition phần 5', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 104 CHAPTER 4 ments It places them in parentheses. With these factors in mind we can adjust the earlier rules so that they describe both sentences as shown here S NP VP NP det N VP V NP det art N Fred suit V bought art a This sentence grammar is more complex than the previous one because we are writing a grammar that is generalizable to sentences 1 and 2 with the exception of the individual words assigned. Now consider another more complex example 3. Maria wore an expensive evening gown. This sentence is interesting because it adds adjectivals to our basic NP VP combination and one of them is a noun evening. We therefore must adjust the phrase-structure rules so that they will describe all three of our sentences which means adding a rule for the adjective phrase AdjP that describes both types of adjectivals S NP VP NP det AdjP N VP V NP det art . fadj i AdjP _ npJ N Maria evening gown V wore PHRASE STRUCTURE GRAMMAR 105 art an adj expensive The rule for AdjP introduces another convention brackets. Brackets indicate that one of the elements adj or NP must be chosen. Let s take this opportunity to generalize a bit. The rule for AdjP describes all adjectivals in a noun phrase but it does not describe predicate adjectives which we discussed in chapter 3. The sentence The tree was tall illustrates a basic sentence pattern with tall functioning as a predicate adjective. Having discussed adjectivals in the noun phrase it is a good idea to extend our analysis and adjust our rules here so that they will describe all instances of AdjP. We can do this by making a simple modification to our rule for VP VP V NP AdjP Adjusting the rule for the verb phrase raises an interesting issue with respect to verbs the status of particles. We examined particles in chapter 3 but now we can look at them more closely. While doing so let s consider another construction that can appear in both the verb phrase and the noun phrase the prepositional phrase. Consider these sentences 4. The goons .
