Công nghệ này được chứng minh trong thực tế. Chi phí cao. Tài trợ bên ngoài (bao gồm cả chính phủ) có thể là cần thiết để tài trợ một phần hoặc tất cả các chi phí của cuộc biểu tình. | 230 Green Energy Technology Economics and Policy Demonstration The technology is demonstrated in practice. Costs are high. External including government funding may be needed to finance part or all of the costs of demonstration. ị Deployment Successful technical operation but possibly in need of support to overcome cost or non-cost barriers. With increasing deployment technology learning will progressively decrease costs. ị Commercialization The technology is cost competitive in some or all markets diffusion either on its own terms or where necessary supported by government intervention . to value externalities such as costs of pollution . On the demand side economically-viable technologies which are capable of delivering two-thirds of the needed reduction in CO2 emissions already exist. The commercialization of technologies that are needed for the abatement of the remaining one-third of CO2 emissions cannot take place without the support of the government. Though the technologies are cost effective they have not penetrated the market as the consumers tend to take a short-term view of costs rather than a long-term life-cycle costs. For example a filament lamp is cheaper to buy than a fluorescent lamp to start with but a fluorescent lamp is cheaper in terms of the life-cycle costs because of its lower electricity consumption. Governments may promote the penetration of such technologies through appropriate regulations. On the supply side CCS Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage and supercritical and ultra-supercritical technologies are expensive. They can become competitive only when a value is attached to the reduction of CO2 emissions say 50 t CO2 . Governments have to identify suitable technological mechanisms and design and implement appropriate policy instruments to remove market and non-market barriers to diffusion. TECHNOLOGY LEARNING CURVES Generally new energy technologies tend to be more expensive than incumbent technologies. Technology learning is .
