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Trauma Pediatric - part 4

Truyền bệnh do virus lây truyền qua đường nhiễm trùng, biến chứng đáng sợ nhất, là nguyên nhân phổ biến nhất của cái chết vào cuối từ truyền (Bảng 2). Những mô tả đầu tiên của truyền liên quan đến nhiễm HIV xảy ra vào cuối năm 1982. Cải thiện sàng lọc và phát hiện đã giảm tần số hiện tại của nhiễm HIV cho khoảng | 118 Bensard by the rapid onset of fever chills rigors chest or abdominal pain progressing to respiratory distress and circulatory shock. Hemoglobin is present in the plasma and urine. Renal failure may ensue. Once recognized the transfusion should immediately be discontinued. Aggressive resuscitation should be instituted to support the circulation and achieve a urine output of 60 mL hr. Transfusion-Transmitted Disease Viral infection the most feared complication is the most common cause of late death from transfusion Table 2 . The first descriptions of transfusion-associated HIV infection occurred in late 1982. Improved screening and detection has reduced the current frequency of HIV infection to approximately to 1 250 0001 2 000 000 units. The most common serious viral infection is hepatitis C HCV estimated to occur in 1 30 000-1 150 000 units. Eighty-five percent of posttransfusion HCV infections become chronic 20 of infected patients develop cirrhosis and 1 progress to hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B HBV infection is estimated to occur in 1 30 000-1 250 000 units. In 1975 new screening tests were implemented reducing transfusion-transmitted HBV infection. The HBV now accounts for only 10 of all cases of posttransfusion hepatitis. Acute disease develops in 35 of persons infected with HBV. Up to 10 will develop chronic infection. Bacterial infection due to contamination most often occurs following platelet transfusion 1 12 000 units but can also occur following RBC transfusion 1 500 00 units . The difference in frequency is attributed to storage of platelets at 20-24 C which facilitate bacterial growth while red blood cells are generally stored at much lower temperatures. The most common organism associated with RBC contamination is Yersinia enterocolitica while Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae Serratia marcescens and S. epidermidis infections are most frequently observed in platelet-associated infection 2 . Metabolic Complications Children may be