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Geoenvironmental Engineering Contaminated Soils, Pollutant Fate, and Mitigation - Chapter 2

Bản chất của đất 2,1 LIỆU ĐẤT TRONG MÔI TRƯỜNG ĐẤT vật liệu đất quan tâm (và mối quan tâm) trong nghiên cứu của số phận gây ô nhiễm ô nhiễm môi trường đất là chất nền đất và trầm tích hình thành ở phía dưới của nước tiếp nhận (hồ, sông, vv ). Chúng tôi đã xác định chất gây ô nhiễm (Phần 1,5) là những chất gây ô nhiễm được đánh giá là mối đe dọa đối với môi trường và y tế công cộng, và sẽ tiếp tục sử dụng thuật ngữ trong ý nghĩa này. Các chất. | CHAPTER 2 Nature of Soils 2.1 SOIL MATERIALS IN THE LAND ENVIRONMENT The soil materials of interest and concern in the study of the pollutant fate in contamination of the land environment are the soil substrate and the sediments formed at the bottom of receiving waters lakes rivers etc. . We have defined pollutants Section 1.5 as those contaminants judged to be threats to the environment and public health and will continue to use the term in this sense. Pollutants are toxicants. We will continue to use the term contaminants in much of the material contained in this chapter since this is a general term which includes pollutants in the general grouping of contaminants. The term pollutant will be used to highlight the specific concern under discussion. Contaminated land is used to refer to a land area that contains contaminants including pollutants . In this chapter we will be interested in those properties and characteristics of the soil materials that provide the significant sets of reactions and interactions between these soil materials and contaminants. It is these reactions and interactions that control the fate of pollutants. Furthermore it is these same reactions and interactions we must address if we are to structure successful and effective remediation programs to clean up the contaminated ground. We should also be interested in the performance of these soil materials when they are used as contaminant attenuating barriers to the transport of contaminants. Whilst our primary interest is focused on the buffering and attenuation capabilities of the soil material since they control the transport and fate of the pollutants we will need to make mention of problems of contaminant presence in the soil on its short- and long-term mechanical stability. This recognizes one of the prime areas of concern in the use of soil materials as contaminant containment barriers the degradation of the physical mechanical and chemical properties of the material when it is subjected .