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Mobile Robots -Towards New Applications 2008 Part 8

Tham khảo tài liệu 'mobile robots -towards new applications 2008 part 8', kỹ thuật - công nghệ, cơ khí - chế tạo máy phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Interactive Robots as Facilitators of Children s Social Development 271 emotions in which they refer to each other s subjective feelings of pleasure surprise and frustration Dautenhahn 1997 Zlatev 2001 . We believe all communication emerges from this mutual reference. Eye-contact is the joint action of two individuals looking into each other s face especially the eyes Fig. 2 left . It serves not only to monitor each other s gaze and facial expressions but also to synchronize interactions and to establish mutual acknowledgment Kozima et al. 2004 such as My partner is aware of me and My partner is aware that I am aware of her. Joint attention is the joint action of two individuals looking at the same target by means of gaze and or pointing Butterworth Jarrett 1991 Fig. 2 right . First the caregiver actively follows and guides the child s attention so that the child can easily capture the target then the child gradually becomes able to follow and guide the partner s attention. Joint attention not only provides the interactants with shared perceptual information but also with a spatial focus for their interaction thus creating mutual acknowledgment Kozima et al. 2004 such as I and my partner are aware of the same target and Both of our actions such as vocalization and facial expressions are about the target. Fig. 2. Exchange of emotions and attention through eye-contact and joint attention exchange of emotions through eye-contact left and empathetic understanding through joint attention right . 2.3 Interactive Robots for Children There has been a growing amount of interest in designing interactive robots that can engage in social interaction with children. This is motivated not only by pedagogical therapeutic and entertaining applications of interactive robots but also by the assumption that the underlying mechanism for children s embodied interaction and its development is the fundamental substratum for human social interaction in general. Motivated by this assumption