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501 reading comprehesion questions_part8

- CÒN đoạn - Những đoạn tiếp theo là điển hình của những người bạn có thể tìm thấy trong sách giáo khoa. Các đoạn được đánh số cho thuận tiện. (1) Đối với nhiều thế kỷ, thời gian được đo bằng vị trí của mặt trời với việc sử dụng sundials | LONGER PASSAGES The next passages are typical of those you might find in textbooks. The paragraphs are numbered for convenience. 1 For centuries time was measured by the position of the sun with the use of sundials. Noon was recognized when the sun was the highest in the sky and cities would set their clock by this apparent solar time even though some cities would often be on a slightly different time. Daylight Saving Time DST sometimes called summer time was instituted to make better use of daylight. Thus clocks are set forward one hour in the spring to move an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening and then set back one hour in the fall to return to normal daylight. 2 Benjamin Franklin first conceived the idea of daylight saving during his tenure as an American delegate in Paris in 1984 and wrote about it extensively in his essay An Economical Project. It is said that Franklin awoke early one morning and was surprised to see the sunlight at such an hour. Always the economist Franklin believed the practice of moving the time could save on the use of candlelight as candles were expensive at the time. 3 In England builder William Willett 1857-1915 became a strong supporter for Daylight Saving Time upon noticing blinds of many houses were closed on an early sunny morning. Willet believed everyone including himself would appreciate longer hours of light in the evenings. In 1909 Sir Robert Pearce introduced a bill in the House of Commons to make it obligatory to adjust the clocks. A bill was drafted and introduced into Parliament several times but met with great opposition mostly from farmers. Eventually in 1925 it was decided that summer time should begin on the day following the third Saturday in April and close after the first Saturday in October. 4 The U.S. Congress passed the Standard Time Act of 1918 to establish standard time and preserve and set Daylight Saving Time across the continent. This act also devised five time zones throughout the United .