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báo cáo khoa học: " Traditional agroecosystems as conservatories and incubators of cultivated plant varietal diversity: the case of fig (Ficus carica L.) in Morocco"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Traditional agroecosystems as conservatories and incubators of cultivated plant varietal diversity: the case of fig (Ficus carica L.) in Morocco | Achtak et al. BMC Plant Biology 2010 10 28 http www.biomedcentral.com 1471-2229 10 28 BMC Plant Biology RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Traditional agroecosystems as conservatories and incubators of cultivated plant varietal diversity the case of fig Ficus carica L. in Morocco Hafid Achtak1 2 3 Mohammed Ater3 Ahmed Oukabli4 Sylvain Santoni5 Finn Kjellberg6 Bouchaib Khadari1 7 Abstract Background Traditional agroecosystems are known to host both large crop species diversity and high within crop genetic diversity. In a context of global change this diversity may be needed to feed the world. Are these agroecosystems museums i.e. large core collections or cradles of diversity We investigated this question for a clonally propagated plant fig Ficus carica within its native range in Morocco but as far away as possible from supposed centers of domestication. Results Fig varieties were locally numerous. They were found to be mainly highly local and corresponded to clones propagated vegetatively. Nevertheless these clones were often sufficiently old to have accumulated somatic mutations for selected traits fig skin color and at neutral loci microsatellite markers . Further the pattern of spatial genetic structure was similar to the pattern expected in natural population for a mutation drift migration model at equilibrium with homogeneous levels of local genetic diversity throughout Moroccan traditional agroecosystems. Conclusions We conclude that traditional agroecosystems constitue active incubators of varietal diversity even for clonally propagated crop species and even when varieties correspond to clones that are often old. As only female fig is cultivated wild fig and cultivated fig probably constitute a single evolutionary unit within these traditional agroecosystems. Core collections however useful are museums and hence cannot serve the same functions as traditional agroecosystems. Background High yield agriculture based on elite crop varieties and high inputs results in