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Căn bệnh loãng xương

Trong vận động viên, các căn bệnh loãng xương Hiếm khi đã xác định khác với các hiệu ứng mãn tính khác của tập thể dục. Sự khác biệt rõ ràng nhất là dẫn đến sự mất cân bằng nội tiết cơ chế đền bù đó lần lượt dẫn đến loãng xương và tăng tỷ lệ gãy xương. | Exercise-Induced Loss of Bone Density in Athletes Lynn A. Voss MD Paul D. Fadale MD and Michael J. Hulstyn MD Abstract In athletes the rarely identified malady of osteoporosis differs from other chronic effects of exercise. The most obvious difference is that hormonal imbalance leads to compensatory mechanisms that in turn lead to osteoporosis and increased incidence of fracture. Most research on this subject has dealt with women because hormonal imbalances in women are easier to detect than those in men. Endurance athletes are known to have decreased levels of sex hormones which can cause physiologic changes that lead to bone loss. This may result in relative osteoporosis despite the loading of the bone during exercise which would normally increase bone mineral density. Premature osteoporosis may be irreversible causing young athletes to become osteoporotic at an earlier age and have an increased risk of fracture later in life. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 1998 6 349-357 The special demands that athletes place on their bodies entail some heretofore poorly understood endocrinologic consequences. The ramifications of certain hormonal imbalances include a greater prevalence of osteoporosis in male as well as female athletes and an increased risk of fracture due to exercise-induced bone loss. Current research indicates that vigilance for these problems is essential when providing orthopaedic care to the high-performance athlete. Osteoporosis Bone adapts to mechanical stresses hormonal changes and nutritional states. Remodeling of bone the balance between bone formation and bone resorption constantly adjusts to these factors so as to maintain homeostasis in the amount of bone and bone mineral in the skeleton. Throughout childhood and adolescence the balance is tipped toward formation. After peak bone mass is achieved in young adulthood the balance changes leaving deficits in the bone at a rate of about 1 loss per year. These small deficits accumulate accounting for .