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báo cáo hóa học:" Transcriptional regulation of bone formation by the osteoblast-specific transcription factor Osx Chi Zhang"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về hóa học được đăng trên tạp chí sinh học quốc tế đề tài : Transcriptional regulation of bone formation by the osteoblast-specific transcription factor Osx Chi Zhang | Zhang Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2010 5 37 http www.josr-online.eom content 5 1 37 éHMÌ JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC oo SURGERY AND RESEARCH REVIEW Open Access Transcriptional regulation of bone formation by the osteoblast-specific transcription factor Osx Chi Zhang Abstract Bone formation is a complex developmental process involving the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts. Osteoblast differentiation occurs through a multi-step molecular pathway regulated by different transcription factors and signaling proteins. Osx also known as Sp7 is the only osteoblast-specific transcriptional factor identified so far which is required for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Osx knock-out mice lack bone completely and cartilage is normal. This opens a new window to the whole research field of bone formation. Osx inhibits Wnt pathway signaling a possible mechanism for Osx to inhibit osteoblast proliferation. These reports demonstrate that Osx is the master gene that controls osteoblast lineage commitment and the subsequent osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. This review is to highlight recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of bone formation by Osx. Introduction Bone formation takes place through two distinct processes endochondral ossification involving a cartilage model and intramembranous ossification by which bones form directly from condensations of mesenchymal cells without a cartilage intermediate. Bone formation is a highly regulated process involving the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts. Osteoblasts produce a characteristic extracellular collagenous matrix that subsequently becomes mineralized after hydroxyapatite crystals deposition. Much progress has been made in understanding the factors that control the gene expression program through the osteoblast induction proliferation differentiation and maturation. Osteoblast differentiation occurs .