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Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 6: Bones and skeletal tissues (part a)

Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 6: Bones and skeletal tissues (part a). When you finish this chapter, you should: Describe the functional properties of the three types of cartilage tissue, locate the major cartilages of the adult skeleton, explain how cartilage grows, name the major regions of the skeleton and describe their relative functions, compare and contrast the four bone classes and provide examples of each class,. | 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Part A Skeletal Cartilages Contain no blood vessels or nerves Dense connective tissue girdle of perichondrium contains blood vessels for nutrient delivery to cartilage Skeletal Cartilages Hyaline cartilages Provide support, flexibility, and resilience Most abundant type Elastic cartilages Similar to hyaline cartilages, but contain elastic fibers Fibrocartilages Collagen fibers—have great tensile strength Figure 6.1 Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton Hyaline cartilages Elastic cartilages Fibrocartilages Cartilages Bones of skeleton Epiglottis Larynx Trachea Cricoid cartilage Lung Respiratory tube cartilages in neck and thorax Thyroid cartilage Cartilage in external ear Cartilages in nose Articular Cartilage of a joint Costal cartilage Cartilage in Intervertebral disc Pubic symphysis Articular cartilage of a joint Meniscus (padlike cartilage in knee joint) Growth of Cartilage Appositional Cells secrete matrix against the external face of existing cartilage Interstitial Chondrocytes divide and secrete new matrix, expanding cartilage from within Calcification of cartilage occurs during Normal bone growth Old age Bones of the Skeleton Two main groups, by location Axial skeleton (brown) Appendicular skeleton (yellow) Figure 6.1 Cartilage in external ear Cartilages in nose Articular Cartilage of a joint Costal cartilage Cartilage in Intervertebral disc Pubic symphysis Articular cartilage of a joint Meniscus (padlike cartilage in knee joint) Classification of Bones by Shape Long bones Longer than they are wide Short bones Cube-shaped bones (in wrist and ankle) Sesamoid bones (within tendons, e.g., patella) Classification of Bones by Shape Flat bones Thin, flat, slightly curved Irregular bones Complicated shapes Figure 6.2 Functions of Bones Support For the body and soft organs Protection For brain, spinal cord, and vital organs Movement Levers for muscle action Functions of Bones Storage Minerals (calcium and phosphorus) and growth factors . | 6 Bones and Skeletal Tissues: Part A Skeletal Cartilages Contain no blood vessels or nerves Dense connective tissue girdle of perichondrium contains blood vessels for nutrient delivery to cartilage Skeletal Cartilages Hyaline cartilages Provide support, flexibility, and resilience Most abundant type Elastic cartilages Similar to hyaline cartilages, but contain elastic fibers Fibrocartilages Collagen fibers—have great tensile strength Figure 6.1 Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton Hyaline cartilages Elastic cartilages Fibrocartilages Cartilages Bones of skeleton Epiglottis Larynx Trachea Cricoid cartilage Lung Respiratory tube cartilages in neck and thorax Thyroid cartilage Cartilage in external ear Cartilages in nose Articular Cartilage of a joint Costal cartilage Cartilage in Intervertebral disc Pubic symphysis Articular cartilage of a joint Meniscus (padlike cartilage in knee joint) Growth of Cartilage Appositional Cells secrete matrix against the external face of existing .