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Ebook Materials science and engineering - An introduction (7th edition): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Materials science and engineering - An introduction" has contents: Applications and processing of ceramics, polymer structures, characteristics, applications, and processing of polymers, composites, corrosion and degradation of materials, corrosion and degradation of materials, thermal properties, optical properties,.and other contents. | 1496T_c13_460-488 12/31/05 10:18 Page 460 Chapter 13 2nd REVISE PAGES Applications and Processing of Ceramics S canning electron micrograph showing the microstructure of a glass–ceramic material. The long acicular blade-shaped particles yield a material with unusual strength and toughness. 65,000؋. (Photograph courtesy of L. R. Pinckney and G. J. Fine of Corning Incorporated.) WHY STUDY Applications and Processing of Ceramics? It is important for the engineer to realize how the applications and processing of ceramic materials are influenced by their mechanical and thermal properties, such as hardness, brittleness, and high melting temperatures. For example, ceramic pieces normally 460 • cannot be fabricated using conventional metalforming techniques (Chapter 11). As we discuss in this chapter, they are often formed using powder compaction methods, and subsequently fired (i.e., heat treated). 1496T_c13_460-488 12/31/05 10:18 Page 461 2nd REVISE PAGES Learning Objectives After careful study of this chapter you should be able to do the following: 1. Describe the process that is used to produce 5. Name and briefly describe four forming methods glass–ceramics. that are used to fabricate glass pieces. 2. Name the two types of clay products, and then 6. Briefly describe and explain the procedure by give two examples of each. which glass pieces are thermally tempered. 3. Cite three important requirements that normally 7. Briefly describe processes that occur during must be met by refractory ceramics and abrasive the drying and firing of clay-based ceramic ceramics. ware. 4. Describe the mechanism by which cement hard8. Briefly describe/diagram the sintering process of ens when water is added. powder particle aggregates. 13.1 INTRODUCTION The preceding discussions of the properties of materials have demonstrated that there is a significant disparity between the physical characteristics of metals and ceramics. Consequently, these materials are utilized in .