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Lecture Principles of financial accounting (2/e) - Chapter 2: Analyzing and recording transactions

After completing this chapter you should be able to: Explain the steps in processing transactions and the role of source documents, describe an account and its use in recording transactions, describe a ledger and a chart of accounts, define debits and credits and explain double-entry accounting. | Chapter 2 Analyzing and recording transactions Copyright © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education (Asia). All rights reserved Chapter 2: Analyzing and Recording Transactions Analyze each transaction and event from source documents Analyzing and Recording Process Record relevant transactions and events in a journal Post journal information to ledger accounts Prepare and analyze the trial balance C 1 We begin the accounting process by analyzing source documents. For example, you usually receive a receipt when you pay cash for something. Think about the last time you went to a fast food restaurant. When you received your order, you were given a receipt, a source document. If you wanted a company to reimburse you for the meal because you were traveling on company business, you must present evidence of your expenditure. This evidence takes the form of a source document, the receipt. Once we identify a business transaction, we record it in a journal. A journal is arranged in chronological order. . | Chapter 2 Analyzing and recording transactions Copyright © 2015 by McGraw-Hill Education (Asia). All rights reserved Chapter 2: Analyzing and Recording Transactions Analyze each transaction and event from source documents Analyzing and Recording Process Record relevant transactions and events in a journal Post journal information to ledger accounts Prepare and analyze the trial balance C 1 We begin the accounting process by analyzing source documents. For example, you usually receive a receipt when you pay cash for something. Think about the last time you went to a fast food restaurant. When you received your order, you were given a receipt, a source document. If you wanted a company to reimburse you for the meal because you were traveling on company business, you must present evidence of your expenditure. This evidence takes the form of a source document, the receipt. Once we identify a business transaction, we record it in a journal. A journal is arranged in chronological order. Transactions are recorded by date of occurrence. At the end of the accounting period, usually a month, transactions in the journal are posted to a ledger account. Posting is the systematic process of transferring information from the journal to the ledger. The ledger groups transactions by the accounts impacted. For example, we will have a ledger account for cash. All transactions that result in increases or decreases in the cash account will be posted to the cash ledger account. Once all transactions have been posted, we prepare a trial balance. The purpose of the trial balance is to make sure that all information has been transferred properly. The trial balance is a listing of all account balances. Sales Tickets Bank Statements Purchase Orders Checks Source Documents Bills from Suppliers Employee Earnings Records C 1 Source documents identify and describe transactions and events entering the accounting process. They are the sources of accounting information and can be in either hard .