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Lecture AP Biology - Chapter 6: A tour of the cell

This chapter distinguish between the following pairs of terms: magnification and resolution, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, free and bound ribosomes, smooth and rough ER; describe the structure and function of the components of the endomembrane system; briefly explain the role of mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes;. | CHAPTER 6 A Tour of the Cell YOU MUST KNOW Three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The structure and function of organelles common to plant and animal cells. The structure and function of organelles found only in plant cells or only in animal cells. 2 TYPES OF CELLS: Prokaryotes: Domain Bacteria & Archaea Eukaryotes (Domain Eukarya): Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals A PROKARYOTIC CELL (BACTERIA) PROKARYOTE VS. EUKARYOTE “before” “kernel” No nucleus DNA in a nucleoid Cytosol No organelles other than ribosomes Small size Primitive i.e. Bacteria & Archaea “true” “kernel” Has nucleus and nuclear envelope Cytosol Membrane-bound organelles with specialized structure/function Much larger in size More complex i.e. plant/animal cell CELL SIZE AND SCALE http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/ Scale of the Universe: http://www.onemorelevel.com/game/scale_of_the_universe_2012 Cells must be small to maintain a large surface area to volume ratio Large S.A. allows rates of chemical exchange between cell and environment SURFACE AREA EXAMPLE (ANIMAL): Small Intestine: highly folded surface to increase absorption of nutrients Villi: finger-like projections on SI wall Microvilli: projections on each cell FOLDS VILLI MICROVILLI SURFACE AREA EXAMPLE (PLANT): Root hairs: extensions of root epidermal cells; increase surface area for absorbing water and minerals NUCLEUS Function: control center of cell Contains DNA Surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope) Continuous with the rough ER Nuclear pores: control what enters/leaves nucleus Chromatin: complex of DNA + proteins; makes up chromosomes Nucleolus: region where ribosomal subunits are formed NUCLEUS Contains DNA Function: control center of cell Surrounded by double membrane (nuclear envelope) Continuous with the rough ER Nuclear pores: control what enters/leaves nucleus Chromatin: complex of DNA + proteins; makes up chromosomes Nucleolus: region where ribosomal subunits are formed . | CHAPTER 6 A Tour of the Cell YOU MUST KNOW Three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The structure and function of organelles common to plant and animal cells. The structure and function of organelles found only in plant cells or only in animal cells. 2 TYPES OF CELLS: Prokaryotes: Domain Bacteria & Archaea Eukaryotes (Domain Eukarya): Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals A PROKARYOTIC CELL (BACTERIA) PROKARYOTE VS. EUKARYOTE “before” “kernel” No nucleus DNA in a nucleoid Cytosol No organelles other than ribosomes Small size Primitive i.e. Bacteria & Archaea “true” “kernel” Has nucleus and nuclear envelope Cytosol Membrane-bound organelles with specialized structure/function Much larger in size More complex i.e. plant/animal cell CELL SIZE AND SCALE http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/ Scale of the Universe: http://www.onemorelevel.com/game/scale_of_the_universe_2012 Cells must be small to maintain a large surface area to volume ratio Large S.A. .