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Lecture AP Biology - Chapter 16: Molecular basis of inheritance

This chapter explain the chromosomal theory of inheritance and its discovery, explain why sex-linked diseases are more common in human males than females, distinguish between sex-linked genes and linked genes, explain how meiosis accounts for recombinant phenotypes, explain how linkage maps are constructed. | Ch. 16 Warm-Up Draw and label a nucleotide. Why is DNA a double helix? What is the complementary DNA strand to: DNA: A T C C G T A T G A A C Ch. 16 Warm-Up What was the contribution made to science by these people: Hershey and Chase Franklin Watson and Crick Chargaff’s Rules: If cytosine makes up 22% of the nucleotides, then adenine would make up % ? Explain the semiconservative model of DNA replication. Ch. 16 Warm-Up What is the function of the following: Helicase DNA Ligase DNA Polymerase (I and III) Primase Nuclease How does DNA solve the problem of slow replication on the lagging strand? Code the complementary DNA strand: 3’ T A G C T A A G C T A C 5’ What is the function of telomeres? THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE Chapter 16 What you must know The structure of DNA. The major steps to replication. The difference between replication, transcription, and translation. The general differences between the bacterial chromosome and eukaryotic chromosomes. How DNA is packaged into a chromosome. Is the genetic material of organisms made of DNA or proteins? Problem: Frederick Griffith (1928) Frederick Griffith (1928) Conclusion: living R bacteria transformed into deadly S bacteria by unknown, heritable substance Oswald Avery, et al. (1944) Discovered that the transforming agent was DNA Hershey and Chase (1952) Bacteriophages: virus that infects bacteria; composed of DNA and protein Protein = radiolabel S DNA = radiolabel P Hershey and Chase (1952) Conclusion: DNA entered infected bacteria DNA must be the genetic material! Edwin Chargaff (1947) Chargaff’s Rules: DNA composition varies between species Ratios: %A = %T and %G = %C Rosalind Franklin (1950’s) Worked with Maurice Wilkins X-ray crystallography = images of DNA Provided measurements on chemistry of DNA James Watson & Francis Crick (1953) Discovered the double helix by building models to conform to Franklin’s X-ray data and Chargaff’s Rules. Structure of DNA DNA = double helix “Backbone” = sugar + . | Ch. 16 Warm-Up Draw and label a nucleotide. Why is DNA a double helix? What is the complementary DNA strand to: DNA: A T C C G T A T G A A C Ch. 16 Warm-Up What was the contribution made to science by these people: Hershey and Chase Franklin Watson and Crick Chargaff’s Rules: If cytosine makes up 22% of the nucleotides, then adenine would make up % ? Explain the semiconservative model of DNA replication. Ch. 16 Warm-Up What is the function of the following: Helicase DNA Ligase DNA Polymerase (I and III) Primase Nuclease How does DNA solve the problem of slow replication on the lagging strand? Code the complementary DNA strand: 3’ T A G C T A A G C T A C 5’ What is the function of telomeres? THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE Chapter 16 What you must know The structure of DNA. The major steps to replication. The difference between replication, transcription, and translation. The general differences between the bacterial chromosome and eukaryotic chromosomes. How DNA is packaged .