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Lecture AP Biology - Chapter 48 and 49: Nervous systems

After studying this chapter you will be able to understand: The anatomy of a neuron; the mechanisms of impulse transmission in a neuron; the process that leads to release of neurotransmitters, and what happens at the synapse; how the vertebrate brain integrates information, which leads to an appropriate response; different regions of the brain have different functions. | Contrast the functions of B cells and T cells. What are memory cells? How do vaccines work? How does HIV affect the immune system? Draw and label the parts of a neuron. Describe saltatory conduction. Explain how a nerve impulse is transmitted across a neuron. What happens at the synapse? Choose 1 neurotransmitter. Describe its action. What is the role of the following structures in the human brain? Brainstem Cerebellum Cerebrum Corpus callosum Chapters 48 & 49 Campbell Biology – 9th ed. The anatomy of a neuron. The mechanisms of impulse transmission in a neuron. The process that leads to release of neurotransmitters, and what happens at the synapse. How the vertebrate brain integrates information, which leads to an appropriate response. Different regions of the brain have different functions. Central nervous system (CNS) = brain + spinal cord Peripheral nervous system (PNS) = nerves throughout body Sensory receptors: collect info Sensory neurons: body CNS Motor neurons: CNS body (muscles, glands) Interneurons: connect sensory & motor neurons Nerves = bundles of neurons Contains motor neurons +/or sensory neurons Peripheral nervous system Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Sympathetic division Parasympathetic division Enteric division cell body: contains nucleus & organelles dendrites: receive incoming messages axons: transmit messages away to other cells myelin sheath: fatty insulation covering axon, speeds up nerve impulses synapse: junction between 2 neurons neurotransmitter: chemical messengers sent across synapse Glia: cells that support neurons Eg. Schwann cells (forms myelin sheath) Microelectrode Reference electrode Voltage recorder –70 mV The Na+/K+ pump (using ATP) maintains a negative potential inside the neuron. Resting potential: membrane potential at rest; polarized Na+ outside, K+ inside cell Voltage-gated Na+ channel = CLOSED Nerve impulse: stimulus causes a change in membrane potential Action potential: neuron membrane . | Contrast the functions of B cells and T cells. What are memory cells? How do vaccines work? How does HIV affect the immune system? Draw and label the parts of a neuron. Describe saltatory conduction. Explain how a nerve impulse is transmitted across a neuron. What happens at the synapse? Choose 1 neurotransmitter. Describe its action. What is the role of the following structures in the human brain? Brainstem Cerebellum Cerebrum Corpus callosum Chapters 48 & 49 Campbell Biology – 9th ed. The anatomy of a neuron. The mechanisms of impulse transmission in a neuron. The process that leads to release of neurotransmitters, and what happens at the synapse. How the vertebrate brain integrates information, which leads to an appropriate response. Different regions of the brain have different functions. Central nervous system (CNS) = brain + spinal cord Peripheral nervous system (PNS) = nerves throughout body Sensory receptors: collect info Sensory neurons: body CNS Motor neurons: CNS body .