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Ebook Burgerstein’s handbook of nutrition: Part 2

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Part 2 book “Burgerstein’s handbook of nutrition” has contents: Skin care, eye and ear care, digestive disorders, cardiovascular disease, oral health, psychiatric disorders, women’s health, musculoskeletal disorders, infectious diseases, urinary tract disorders, psychiatric disorders, and other contents. | Pregnancy Recommended nutrient intakes for pregnant women Nutrient Macronutrients: Energy Protein EFAs (linoleic plus linolenic acids) Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) Fiber Recommended daily intake (combined intake from food and supplement sources) 2400–2600 kcal (for 60 kg female of average activity) 70–90 g 25–30 g 4–6 g 앬 Avoid supplementing with megadoses of micronutrients. This is no time to experiment with excessive levels of nutrients, since optimum nutrition is a question of balance. Both too much and too little can cause harm. 앬 Miniminze consumption of coffee or other caffeinated beverages, particularly near mealtime (coffee reduces iron and zinc absorption). 앬 The only sure way to avoid the possible harmful effects of alcohol on the fetus is to avoid drinking alcoholic beverages entirely. 25–30 g Vitamins: Vitamin A (preferably as beta-carotene) Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Thiamin (Vitamin B1) Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) Niacin Vitamin B6 Pantothenic acid Biotin Folic acid Vitamin B12 Vitamin C 10–20 μg 20 mg 100 μg 2 mg 2 mg 20 mg 5 mg 5–10 mg 100–150 μg 0.8 mg 3 μg 100 mg Minerals: Calcium Magnesium Iron Zinc Copper Manganese Fluoride* Iodine Selenium Chromium Molybdenum 1.5–2 g 400–600 mg 30 mg 20–30 mg 2–3 mg 2–4 mg 2 mg 200 μg 100–150 μg 200 μg 200–250 μg 800 μg * only if water or salt supply is not fluoridated 앬 Food can be salted moderately to taste. For healthy women there is no need to restrict salt intake during pregnancy. 앬 Avoid foods with additives, and wash and/ or peel fresh produce to remove agricultural chemicals (if not obtained from organic sources). References 1. Keen CL, et al. (eds.) Maternal Nutrition and Pregnancy Outcome. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1993;678. 2. Bendich A: Lifestyle and environmental factors that can adversely affect maternal nutritional status and pregnancy outcomes. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1993;678: 255. 3. Taren DL, et al. The association of prenatal nutrition and educational services with low birthweight rates in