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Lecture Computer organization and architecture - Chapter 2: Top level view of computer function and interconnection

This chapter presents the following content: Instruction fetch and execute, interrupts, i/o function, suggested reading: stallings chapter 3. | Chapter 02 Computer Organization and Architecture Top Level View of Computer Function and Interconnection 1 KEY POINTS The major computer system components (processor, main memory, I/O modules) need to be interconnected in order to exchange data and control signals. The most popular means of interconnection is the use of a shared system bus consisting of multiple lines. In contemporary systems, there typically is a hierarchy of buses to improve performance. Key design elements for buses include Arbitration (whether permission to send signals on bus lines is controlled centrally or in a distributed fashion); Timing (whether signals on the bus are synchronized to a central clock or are sent asynchronously based on the most recent transmission); And width (number of address lines and number of data lines). 3.1. Computer Components Virtually all contemporary computer designs are based on concepts developed by John von Neumann at the Institute for Advanced Studies,Princeton. Such a design | Chapter 02 Computer Organization and Architecture Top Level View of Computer Function and Interconnection 1 KEY POINTS The major computer system components (processor, main memory, I/O modules) need to be interconnected in order to exchange data and control signals. The most popular means of interconnection is the use of a shared system bus consisting of multiple lines. In contemporary systems, there typically is a hierarchy of buses to improve performance. Key design elements for buses include Arbitration (whether permission to send signals on bus lines is controlled centrally or in a distributed fashion); Timing (whether signals on the bus are synchronized to a central clock or are sent asynchronously based on the most recent transmission); And width (number of address lines and number of data lines). 3.1. Computer Components Virtually all contemporary computer designs are based on concepts developed by John von Neumann at the Institute for Advanced Studies,Princeton. Such a design is referred to as the von Neumann architecture and is based on three key concepts: Data and instructions are stored in a single read–write memory. The contents of this memory are addressable by location, without regard to the type of data contained there. Execution occurs in a sequential fashion (unless explicitly modified) from one instruction to the next. 3.1. Computer Components Program Concept There is a small set of basic logic components that can be combined in various ways to store binary data and to perform arithmetic and logical operations on that data. If there is a particular computation to be performed a configuration of logic components designed specifically for that computation could be constructed. We can think of the process of connecting the various components in the desired configuration as a form of programming. The resulting “program” is in the form of hardware and is termed a hardwired program. 3.1. Computer Components Hardwired systems are inflexible General .