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Bài giảng Hệ điều hành nâng cao (Operating System-OS): Chương 1 - Phan Vĩnh Thuần

Chương 1 - Overview OS, Bài giảng gồm có những nội dung chính sau: What is an operating system, history of operating systems, the operating system zoo, computer hardware review, operating system concepts, system calls, operating system structure. | Chapter 1. OS OVERVIEW Introduction 1. What is an Operating System? A program that manages the computer hardware Provides a basis for application programs Acts as an intermediary between the computer user and hardwares 1.2. What Operating System do A computer system can be divided into four components: the hardsware, the operating system, the application programs and users. User view System view Figure 1.1. Abstract view of the components of a computer system 1.2.1. User View The user’s view of the computer varies according to the interface being used One user to monopoly resource Many users access the computer Many users sit at workstations connected to networks of other workstation and servers Handheld computer Embedded computer in home devices and automobiles. 1.2.2. System View An operating system is the program most intimately involved with the hardware. An operating system as a resource allocator-> the manager of the resource. An operating system is a control program that manages the execution of the user programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer. It is especially concerned with the operation and control of I/O devices. 1.3. Computer System Organnization One or more CPUs Device controller connected to common bus that provides access to share memory. CPU and device controller can execute concurrently. Memory controller provides whole function is to synchronize access to the memory. Figure 1.2. A modern coputer system 1.3.1. Computer System Operation When it is power up or reboot- it needs to have an initial program or bootstrap program to run. Bootstrap program is stored in ROM. Bootstrap program initalizes all aspects of the system, from CPU register to device controllers to memory contend. To load the operating system and start executing the system, bootstrap program must locate and load into memory the operating system kernel. The operating system then starts executing the first process-”init” and wait for some event to occur. The . | Chapter 1. OS OVERVIEW Introduction 1. What is an Operating System? A program that manages the computer hardware Provides a basis for application programs Acts as an intermediary between the computer user and hardwares 1.2. What Operating System do A computer system can be divided into four components: the hardsware, the operating system, the application programs and users. User view System view Figure 1.1. Abstract view of the components of a computer system 1.2.1. User View The user’s view of the computer varies according to the interface being used One user to monopoly resource Many users access the computer Many users sit at workstations connected to networks of other workstation and servers Handheld computer Embedded computer in home devices and automobiles. 1.2.2. System View An operating system is the program most intimately involved with the hardware. An operating system as a resource allocator-> the manager of the resource. An operating system is a control program that .