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Hybrid performance and heterosis in F1 offspring of triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.)

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In this study, the combined ability effects and heterosis were determined for number of days to anthesis (AT), plant height (PH), fertile tillers plant–1 (FT), spike length (SL), spikelets spike–1 (SS) and grains spike–1 (GS), 1000-kernel weight (TW). | Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Turk J Agric For (2014) 38: 877-886 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/tar-1401-126 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/ Research Article Hybrid performance and heterosis in F1 offspring of triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.) 1, 2 2 Mustafa YILDIRIM *, Hasan GEZGİNÇ , Ali Haydar PAKSOY Kelkit Aydın Doğan Vocational School, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey 2 Agricultural Research Station of the Eastern Mediterranean Transition Zone, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey 1 Received: 27.01.2014 Accepted: 17.06.2014 Published Online: 31.10.2014 Printed: 28.11.2014 Abstract: In this study, the combined ability effects and heterosis were determined for number of days to anthesis (AT), plant height (PH), fertile tillers plant–1 (FT), spike length (SL), spikelets spike–1 (SS) and grains spike–1 (GS), 1000-kernel weight (TW), and grain yield plant–1 (GY) of 4 triticale genotypes [Karma (G1), Presto (G2), Ayşehanım (G3), and Mehmetbey (G4)] and their 6 F1 offspring. The mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were statistically significant for all traits. According to the GCA/SCA, additive gene effects were found for all traits. According to the desired values for traits on the basis of GCA and SCA, parents G1 were good general combiners for 3 traits, G3 for 6, and G4 for 6. Crosses G1 × G2 were good specific combiners for 3 traits, G1 × G3 for 3, G1 × G4 for 3, G2 × G3 for 5, G2 × G4 for 6, and G3 × G4 for 4. Heterosis and heterobeltiosis were –16.78% and –25.71% for AT, –1.66% and –11.02% for PH, 34.25% and 9.87% for FT, 14.62% and 11.44% for SL, 8.09% and 3.87% for SS, 4.57% and 0.91% for GS, 9.67% and 6.13% for TW, and 30.36% and 9.11% for GY, respectively. The results revealed that G2 × G3 and G2 × G4 combinations could be recommended for improved yield of triticale. Key words: Combining ability, heterosis, triticale, yield, yield component 1. Introduction The world’s population is .