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Study of seed coat microsculpture organization during seed development in Zygophyllum fabago (Zygophyllaceae)

The ontogeny of seed coat and endosperm tissue in Zygophyllum fabago L. was studied to determine their developmental importance using different histochemical and microscopic techniques. Our results revealed that the ovule of Z. fabago was of the anatropous and bitegmic type. The inner epidermis cells were retained up to the end of seed development, whereas the other layers were removed in the early stages. Moreover, the outer integument was changed into the seed coat sculptures during the seed development. Concurrently, multiple cytoplasmic strings were formed at the seed coat cells. Fluorescence microscopic analysis indicated that callose and polyphenols were laid down at these strings. In the late stages of the seed development, the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cells were degenerated and the sculptures became obvious on the seed coat. | Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot 2019 43 634-644 http journals.tubitak.gov.tr botany TÜBİTAK Research Article doi 10.3906 bot-1902-32 Study of seed coat microsculpture organization during seed development in Zygophyllum fabago Zygophyllaceae Elham MOHAJEL KAZEMI Mina KAZEMIAN Fatemeh MAJIDZADEH Mahboubeh ALIASGHARPOUR Ali MOVAFEGHI Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Tabriz Tabriz Iran Received 20.02.2019 Accepted Published Online 09.07.2019 Final Version 06.09.2019 Abstract The ontogeny of seed coat and endosperm tissue in Zygophyllum fabago L. was studied to determine their developmental importance using different histochemical and microscopic techniques. Our results revealed that the ovule of Z. fabago was of the anatropous and bitegmic type. The inner epidermis cells were retained up to the end of seed development whereas the other layers were removed in the early stages. Moreover the outer integument was changed into the seed coat sculptures during the seed development. Concurrently multiple cytoplasmic strings were formed at the seed coat cells. Fluorescence microscopic analysis indicated that callose and polyphenols were laid down at these strings. In the late stages of the seed development the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cells were degenerated and the sculptures became obvious on the seed coat. The seed coat sculptures may play a role in the seed dispersal by wind. During the early developmental stages the endosperm was of the nuclear type and then changed into the cellular type. Cytochemical tests indicated that in the later stages of seed development the formation of starch grains and the thickening of cell walls occurred causing considerable reduction of cell cavities as well as hardening the tissue. The cell storage in the endosperm tissue was more lipid- based than protein-based. Generally due to the degeneration of the outer integument and the existence of the thin inner integument the endosperm cell wall seemed