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Classification of plutonic rock types using thin section images with deep transfer learning

Classification of rocks is one of the basic parts of geological research and is a difficult task due to the heterogeneous properties of rocks. This process is time consuming and requires sufficiently knowledgeable and experienced specialists in the field of petrography. This paper has a novelty in classifying plutonic rock types for the first time using thin section images; and proposes an approach that uses the deep learning method for automatic classification of 12 types of plutonic rocks. Convolutional neural network based DenseNet121, which is one of the deep learning architectures, is used to extract the features from thin section images of rocks; and the classification process is carried out with a single layer fully connected neural network. | Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences Turkish J Earth Sci 2021 30 551-560 http journals.tubitak.gov.tr earth TÜBİTAK Research Article doi 10.3906 yer-2007-19 Classification of plutonic rock types using thin section images with deep transfer learning 1 2 3 Özlem POLAT Ali POLAT Taner EKİCİ 1 Department of Mechatronic Engineering Faculty of Technology Sivas Cumhuriyet University Sivas Turkey 2 Sivas Provincial Disaster and Emergency Directorate Sivas Turkey 3 Department of Geological Engineering Faculty of Engineering Sivas Cumhuriyet University Sivas Turkey Received 21.07.2020 Accepted Published Online 22.02.2021 Final Version 16.07.2021 Abstract Classification of rocks is one of the basic parts of geological research and is a difficult task due to the heterogeneous properties of rocks. This process is time consuming and requires sufficiently knowledgeable and experienced specialists in the field of petrography. This paper has a novelty in classifying plutonic rock types for the first time using thin section images and proposes an approach that uses the deep learning method for automatic classification of 12 types of plutonic rocks. Convolutional neural network based DenseNet121 which is one of the deep learning architectures is used to extract the features from thin section images of rocks and the classification process is carried out with a single layer fully connected neural network. The deep learning model is trained and tested on 2400 images. AUC accuracy precision recall and f1-score are used as performance measure. The proposed approach classifies plutonic rock images on the test set with an average accuracy of 97.52 and a maximum of 98.19 . Thus the applied deep transfer learning is promising in geosciences and can be used to identify rock types quickly and accurately. Key words Rock classification plutonic rocks deep transfer learning DenseNet121 convolutional neural networks 1. Introduction usually volatiles such as gases and steam. Since their Rocks in .