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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 64)

Introduction: Diazine and triazine herbicides are being widely used in the world. These herbicides inhibit the electron-transport system in the higher plants and thus suppress the photosynthesis, resulting in the herbicidal action. These compounds are also important as pollutants for crops, soil and groundwater [1, 2]. The attention is usually directed toward chronic toxicities of the herbicides [3]. Although the acute toxicities of the compounds are usually considered low, there are reports dealing with acute poisoning by them; they should be taken into consideration as poisoning-causative substances. . | 7.7 II.7.7 Diazine and triazine herbicides by Akira Ishii and Yoshinao Katsumata Introduction Diazine and triazine herbicides are being widely used in the world. These herbicides inhibit the electron-transport system in the higher plants and thus suppress the photosynthesis resulting in the herbicidal action. These compounds are also important as pollutants for crops soil and groundwater 1 2 . The attention is usually directed toward chronic toxicities of the herbicides 3 . Although the acute toxicities of the compounds are usually considered low there are reports dealing with acute poisoning by them they should be taken into consideration as poisoning-causative substances. As acute poisoning symptoms provoked by diazine and triazine herbicides nausea vomiting skin- and mucosa-stimulating actions contact dermatitis circulation insufficiency shock state dyspnea metabolic acidosis and renal insufficiency can be mentioned as a subacute poisoning symptom polyneuropathy due to triazines is known 4 . For analysis of diazine and triazine herbicides methods by GC GC MS and immunoassays were reported. However they were GC analysis of atrazine in bovine tissues 5 ELISA analysis of atrazine and its metabolites in human urine 6 and other methods dealing with surfacewater and cow milk 7-9 . There are almost no reports on GC or GC MS analysis of diazine and triazine herbicides in human body fluids except those reported by the authors group 10 11 . There is a review on analysis of herbicides in biomedical specimens from a broader point of view 12 . In this chapter detailed procedures for GC analysis of diazine and triazine herbicides in human body fluids are described. Reagents and their preparation i. Reagents Figure 7.1 and Table 7.1 show structures of diazine and triazine herbicides respectively. The authentic standards of all herbicides can be purchased from either Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. Osaka Japan or Kanto Chemicals Tokyo Japan. Other common chemicals used were