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Drugs and Poisons in Humans - A Handbook of Practical Analysis (Part 67)

Introduction: An organophosphorus nerve agent VX (O-ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphonothiolate, Figure 2.1) shows potent inhibitory action on acetylcholinesterase; its development, production, stockpiling and use are being prohibited by the CWC international treaty as a chemical weapon together with those of sarin and soman. In addition, even material compounds for VX synthesis are being also controlled strictly. In the world history, there had been no records on the use of VX in any international dispute. However, in December 1994, a murder terrorism incident using VX committed by a cult group took place in Osaka, Japan. The very high poisoning potency of. | 8.2 II.8.2 VX and its decomposition products by Munehiro Katagi and Hitoshi Tsuchihashi Introduction An organophosphorus nerve agent VX O-ethyl S-2-diisopropylaminoethyl methylphosphono-thiolate Figure 2.1 shows potent inhibitory action on acetylcholinesterase its development production stockpiling and use are being prohibited by the CWC international treaty as a chemical weapon together with those of sarin and soman. In addition even material compounds for VX synthesis are being also controlled strictly. In the world history there had been no records on the use of VX in any international dispute. However in December 1994 a murder terrorism incident using VX committed by a cult group took place in Osaka Japan. The very high poisoning potency of VX proven in the incident surprised the whole world with a shock and anxiety. VX is easily hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions and also in the environmental water and soil to produce ethylmethylphosphonic acid EMPA and further methylphosphonic acid MPA 1 . VX is rapidly hydrolyzed by both chemical and enzymatic reactions in mammalian bodies to produce EMPA and 2- diisopropylaminoethyl methyl sulfide DAEMS a. These metabolites or decomposition products are detected for verification of the use of VX 2 . Many methods for EMPA and MPA mainly in environmental water and soil were reported using ion chromatography with indirect photometric detection 3 capillary electrophoresis 4 GC MS after methylation 5 silylation 6-8 and pentafluorobenzyl PFB derivatization 9 10 LC MS 11 and CE MS 12 13 both without any derivatization LC MS after derivatization and LC MS MS 14 . In actual terrorism cases using VX the detection of its metabolite products from urine and blood is essential. In this chapter the details for GC MS analysis of VX metabolites in human serum b are described. O Figure 2.1 O CIL P SCH2CH2N CH CHs 2 CH CHaJ 2 OC2H5 o II CH P OH OC2H5 VX 0 II CH P OH OH MPA EMPA .CH CH 2 CHSCHCHTh CH CH3 2 DAEMS Structures of VX and its .