Đang chuẩn bị liên kết để tải về tài liệu:
English pronunciation made simple part 19

English Pronunciation Made Simple is divided into three parts—Part 1: Vowels, Part 2: Stress, Rhythm, and Intonation, and Part 3: Consonants, Each part contains a series of brief lessons, and each lesson presents one or two specific pronunciation points. | You have probably discovered that English spelling patterns are inconsistent and are not always a reliable guide to pronunciation. For example in the following words the letters ch represent three different sounds. machine chain mechanic Pretty confusing right That s why the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA is helpful. The IPA which is used all over the world consists of a set of symbols in which ONE symbol always represents ONE sound. As with the vowels in Part 1 each consonant will be introduced and explained one at a time. To help you learn the exact pronunciation of the phonetic symbols and key words a Key to Pronouncing the Consonants of American English is presented on page 117. Refer to it and listen to the pronunciation of the sounds as needed. Definitions As you progress through the consonant lessons you will frequently see the terms gum ridge soft palate aspiration voiced consonant voiceless consonant and articulators. We will now define these terms for you. Articulators The articulators are the different parts of the mouth area that we use when speaking such as the lips tongue soft palate teeth and jaw. Gum ridge The gum ridge is the hard part of the roof of your mouth just behind your upper front teeth. Soft palate The soft palate is the soft movable rear portion of the roof of your mouth. 115 Aspiration Aspiration means the action of pronouncing a sound with a puff of released breath. The English consonants pl . t k and h are aspirate sounds. They should be produced with a strong puff of air. Voiced consonant A voiced consonant is a sound produced when the vocal cords are vibrating. Place your hand on your throat over your vocal cords while making a humming sound. You can feel your vocal cords vibrate as you say mmmmmmmmm. Voiceless Consonant A voiceless consonant is a sound made with no vibration of the vocal cords. Put your hand over your vocal cords and make the hissing sound sssssssss. You will not feel any vibration this time The various .