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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 58

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the grammar of the english verb phrase part 58', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 392 8. Temporal domains and relative tenses theoretical foundations tense forms which naturally takes place when an utterance is reported in the form of past represented speech. This analysis hinges on the following claims a A situation time that is originally i. e. in the original direct speech utterance T-related to t0 and thus establishes a domain of its own is now i. e. in past represented speech T-related to the central orientation time of a past domain which in 3 4 and 7 10 is the situation time of said which means that the tense which locates the situation time in time no longer establishes a domain but merely expresses a T-relation in one. b It follows that a tense form which originally represents its situation time as the central orientation time of a past domain such as told in 1 2 is now replaced by a tense form expressing a T-relation in a new past domain. This is because the situation time is now T-bound by the central orientation time which is the situation time of said in 3 4 and 7 10 rather than being directly related to t0 by an absolute tense form . The relative tense form in question expresses T-anteriority i. e. it is a past perfect form because the original past tense form also expresses T-anteri-ority but then to t0 rather than to a past orientation time . c Out of context when a complement that-clause in the past tense depending on a head clause in the past tense is homogeneous it must as a rule be taken to express T-simultaneity. This is indeed the way the that-clause is interpreted in 1 I told Bill that Jane was angry with Jim Jane s being angry is W-simultaneous with my telling Bill about it. For a good understanding of this point it is necessary to draw attention to a number of things Firstly the generalization made in the first sentence of c obviously does not apply if the past tense form in the that-clause is the past counterpart of a futurish form see 2.9 as in Mary said that Bill was coming over when school broke up the next week. .