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english sound structure part 18

english sound structure part 18. Bài tập luyện ngữ pháp tiếng anh cho mọi người, đây là tài liệu hay và hữu ích có thể giúp các bạn có thể nắm vững được các ngữ pháp tiếng anh cụ thể. | 226 Licensing i The task Ignoring the melodic consequences of the processes focus on the 1 contexts in which they take place. We may take it that the reported analyses are 5 right in assuming that some aspect of phonological constituent structure is involved. Restate the conditions under which each process occurs without resort- ing to either of the coda assumptions just mentioned. In some cases it will be necessary to spell out the morpho-syntactic domains within which the relevant 1 contexts are located. I I Pre-Fortis Clipping j In most types of English vowels under certain conditions display significantly shorter duration before fortis than before non-fortis consonants see 3.6 . The j process is described by some writers as clipping to indicate that it is independent -8 of the lexical short-long distinction involved in root-level phenomena such as closed-rhyme shortness and trisyllabic laxing. Thus the lexically short vowel z is 1 clipped in a form such as bit but not in bid just as the lexically long vowel z j of beat is clipped in relation to that in bead . The process also affects vowel-res- onant clusters before a fortis consonant the el sequence is clipped in shelf for 1 instance but not in shelve . 4 For clipping to operate the vowel-consonant sequence has to occur in a certain context which according to one account involves tautosyllabicity. In other words the consonant is assumed to occupy a coda either word-finally as in a or pre-vocalically as in b . 1 1 Clipped Unclipped a bleat. bleed. tap. stab. I face. phase. slant. band. pulp. bulb. b peop.le feeb.le fick.le wigg.le J sof.a ov.er 1 wint.er cind.er a hamp.er clamb.er II Tapped r In the conservative standard pronunciation of the south of England it is common to find tapped and approximant realizations of r being used under complementary j sets of conditions. According to one view the tap occurs in coda position and the approximant elsewhere. As we will see in the next chapter the dialect is .