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Sổ tay kỹ sư cơ khí P20

WHAT THE LAW REQUIRES OF THE THEARTOFTHEENGINEER 2229 15.1.1 Modeling for the Real World 2229 75. 1 .2 The Safety Factor 2230 PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY 75.2.1 Liability of an Employee 75.2.2 Liability of a Business THE LAWS OF PRODUCT LIABILITY 75.3.1 Definition 75.3.2 Negligence 75.3.3 Strict Liability 75.3.4 Express Warranty and Misrepresentation THE NATURE OF PRODUCT DEFECTS 75.4.1 Production or Manufacturing Flaws 75.4.2 Design Flaws 75.4.3 Instructions and Warnings 2230 2231 2233 2235 2235 2236 2236 2236 2237 2237 2238 2238 . | CHAPTER 75_ WHAT THE LAW REQUIRES OF THE ENGINEER Alvin S. Weinstein Ph.D. J.D. P.E. Martin S. Chizek M.S. J.D. A.S.P. Weinstein Associates Brunswick Maine 75.1 THE ART OF THE ENGINEER 2229 75.5 UNCOVERING PRODUCT 75.1.1 Modeling for the Real DEFECTS 2239 World 2229 75.5.1 Hazard Analysis 2239 75.1.2 The Safety Factor 2230 75.5.2 Hazard Index 2240 75.5.3 Design Hierarchy 2240 75.2 PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY 2230 75.2.1 Liability of an Employee 2231 75.6 DEFENSES TO PRODUCT 75.2.2 Liability of a Business 2233 LIABILITY 2241 75.6.1 State of the Art 2241 75.3 THE LAWS OF PRODUCT 75.6.2 Contributory Comparative LIABILITY 2235 Negligence 2241 75.3.1 Definition 2235 75.6.3 Assumption of the Risk 2242 75.3.2 Negligence 2236 75.3.3 Strict Liability 2236 75.7 RECALLS RETROFITS AND 75.3.4 Express Warranty and THE CONTINUING DUTY TO Misrepresentation 2236 WARN 75.7.1 After-Market Hazard 2243 75.4 THE NATURE OF PRODUCT Recognition 2243 DEFECTS 2237 75.7.2 Types of Corrective Action 2243 75.4.1 Production or Manufacturing Flaws 2237 75.8 DOCUMENTATION OF THE 75.4.2 Design Flaws 2238 DESIGN PROCESS 2244 75.4.3 Instructions and Warnings 2238 75.9 A FINAL WORD 2245 75.1 THE ART OF THE ENGINEER 75.1.1 Modeling for the Real World Engineers believe that they practice their craft in a world of certainty. Nothing could be further from the truth Because this chapter deals with the interface between law and technology and because products liability is likely to be the legal area of concern to the engineer our principal focus will be on the engineering design of products or components of products. Think for a moment about the usual way an engineer proceeds from a product concept to the resulting device. The engineer generally begins the design process with some type of specifications for the eventual device to meet such as performance parameters functional capabilities size weight cost and so on. Implicit if not explicit in the specifications are assumptions about the device s .