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Absolute C++ (4th Edition) part 22

Absolute C++ (4th Edition) part 22. KEY BENEFIT: C++ programming concepts and techniques are presented in a straightforward style using understandable language and code. KEY TOPICS: C++ Basics; Flow of Control; Function Basics; Parameters and Overloading; Arrays; Structures and Classes; Constructors; Operator Overloading, Friends, and References; Strings; Pointers and Dynamic Arrays; Separate Compilation and Namespaces; Streams and File I/O; Recursion; Inheritance; Polymorphism and Virtual Functions; Templates; Linked Data Structures; Exception Handling; Standard Template Library; Patterns and UML. MARKET: Useful for both beginning and intermediate C++ programmers. . | 212 Arrays The indexed variables for an array are stored next to each other in the computer s memory so that the array occupies a contiguous portion of memory. When the array is passed as an argument to a function only the address of the first indexed variable the one numbered 0 is given to the calling function. Therefore a function with an array parameter usually needs another formal parameter of type int to give the size of the array. When using a partially filled array your program needs an additional variable of type int to keep track of how much of the array is being used. To tell the compiler that an array argument should not be changed by your function you can insert the modifier const before the array parameter for that argument position. An array parameter that is modified with a const is called a constant array parameter. If you need an array with more than one index you can use a multidimensional array which is actually an array of arrays. Answers to Self-Test Exercises 1. The statement int a 5 is a declaration in which 5 is the number of array elements. The expression a 4 is an access into the array defined by the previous statement. The access is to the element having index 4 which is the fifth and last array element. 2. a. score b. double c. 5 d. 0 through 4 e. Any of score 0 score 1 score 2 score 3 score 4 3. a. One too many initializers b. Correct. The array size is 4. c. Correct. The array size is 4. 4. abc 5. 1.1 2.2 3.3 1.1 3.3 3.3 Remember that the indexes start with 0 not 1. 6. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 4 8 12 16 7. The indexed variables of sampleArray are sampleArray 0 through sampleArray 9 but this piece of code tries to fill sampleArray 1 through sampleArray 10 . The index 10 in sampleArray 10 is out of range. Answers to Self-Test Exercises 213 8. There is an index out of range. When index is equal to 9 index 1 is equal to 10 so index 1 which is the same as a 10 has an illegal index. The loop should stop with one fewer iteration. To correct