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The Rise and Fall of Abacus Banking in Japan and China phần 5

Cuối cùng, sau khi chờ đợi trong hơn một giờ và sau khi kiểm tra lần một số huyết áp của mình trong màn hình trên các quầy ngân hàng, quản lý bàn đã cho ông một đặc ân ".''Ông đã đi đến máy ATM, ITICs đóng một vai trò quan trọng. Họ cung cấp tiền cho công ty của Trung Quốc có uy tín sẽ không được tiếp cận với các thị trường chứng khoán trong nước và banks.20 nước ngoài | 62 The Rise and Fall of Abacus Banking in Japan and China Total working hours are recognized internationally as long. In the eyes of many observers these differences symbolize the failure of workers to share Japan s success. After all we associate long working hours with poorly developed economies and short working hours with advanced industrial nations. Japan seems to be an anomaly in this regard.7 Compounding the problem of small houses long working hours and a high cost of living is a poor infrastructure that lags behind those of other industrialized countries. In areas ranging from roads to sewer systems to airports Japan is said to be so far behind her counterparts in the West as not to deserve the label of an advanced developed country. 8 Japan s main sewage system for instance serves only 40 percent of the population compared to 73 percent and 95 percent of the population served by the corresponding U.S. and British sewage systems.9 In 1990 the average urban Japanese enjoyed 2.2 square meters of park space compared to 19.2 for the average American living in New York City 30.4 for the average urban Englishman and 37.4 for the average urban German.10 Japan s rapid rise of asset values currency appreciation and economic growth in conjunction with unfavorable demographics had another negative impact on the Japanese economy the erosion of her competitive position. Rapid economic growth for instance along with an aging labor force declining working hours and tight emigration policies created severe labor shortages that pushed labor costs higher.11 Rising labor costs and rising commercial leases and especially the stronger yen in turn priced many of Japan s products out of world markets contributing to hollowing out the transfer of traditional manufacturing operations offshore.12 Hollowization of the economy is closely related to the movement in exchange rates because the appreciation of the exchange rate will lead to the substitution of imports for domestic .