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toffer alvin future shock phần 10

Vận tốc cao của sự thay đổi có thể được truy nguồn từ nhiều yếu tố. Tăng dân số, đô thị hóa, tỷ lệ thay đổi của trẻ và già - tất cả đều đóng một phần của họ. Tuy nhiên, công nghệ trước rõ ràng là một nút quan trọng trong mạng lưới các nguyên nhân thực sự, nó có thể là nút để kích hoạt toàn bộ mạng. | arrangements are short term. This mean that if a technologically advanced model appears on the market a renter can with little difficulty unburden himself of the old model and switch to the new. This raises for some manufacturers the specter of receiving thousands of their products back all at once a terrifying prospect that compels them to pour a high percentage of their revenues into research and development in a frantic never-ending effort to stay ahead of the pack. It is no accident that IBM which rents its computers or Xerox Corporation which rents its copying machines are both so deeply committed to R D. As Joseph Wilson president of Xerox has put it We not our customers must assume the risk of obsolescence. Rentalism also holds deep and as yet little known implications for the financial structure of any economy. It conjures up for one thing the image of a completely propertyless society. Whether this image is realistic or not rentalism alters the flow of capital in the society. The manufacturer or rental organization advances capital for use by the consumer. This permits consumers to shift capital out of what economists term real and personal property and into securities. Indeed if one imagines an entire society built on rentalism in which vast rental organizations have become the pivots of power and profit the best investment of all might turn out to be shares in the rental organizations. 70 Turner is quoted from 67 p. 41. 70 On brand switching and share of market see 67 p. 54. 71 The turnover of top brands is discussed in Advertising Competition and the Anti-Trust Laws by Henry Schachtre in 26 American Bar Association Anti-Trust Section p. 161. 71 Diebold s comments are in 57 pp. 19-20. 71 On rates of attrition among consumer products see The New York Times June 9 1967 also Time October 24 1969 p. 92. 72 Theobald is quoted from 63 p. 29. CHAPTER FIVE 75 The Fuller estimates are from 146 Document 3 pp. 28-29. 77 Transport problems of the developing nations