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Coastal and Estuarine Risk Assessment - Chapter 8

Endocrine Disruption in Fishes and Invertebrates: Issues for Saltwater Ecological Risk Assessment - Chương này xem xét một số vấn đề liên quan đến đánh giá rủi ro của nội tiết gây ảnh hưởng hóa chất (EDCs) trong môi trường nước mặn. nội tiết gây ảnh hưởng hóa chất đã được định nghĩa theo cách sau: "Một disrupter nội tiết là một chất ngoại sinh gây ra tác dụng có hại cho sức khỏe trong một sinh vật còn nguyên vẹn, hoặc con cháu của nó, thứ cấp để thay đổi chức năng nội tiết. " 1 Nói cách khác, một EDC là một chất tương tác với hệ thống. | 8 Endocrine Disruption in Fishes and Invertebrates Issues for Saltwater Ecological Risk Assessment Kenneth M.Y. Leung James R. Wheeler David Morritt and Mark Crane CONTENTS 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Saltwater Fishes and Invertebrates 8.2.1 Fishes 8.2.1.1 Modes of Action 8.2.1.2 Effects of EDCs on Fishes 8.2.1.3 Limitations of Current Approaches 8.2.2 Invertebrates 8.2.2.1 Modes of Action 8.2.2.2 Effects of EDCs on Aquatic Invertebrates 8.2.2.3 Limitations of Current Approaches 8.3 Developing a Coherent and Cost-Effective Risk Assessment Strategy for Saltwater Endocrine Disrupters 8.3.1 Prospective Risk Assessment 8.3.1.1 Structure-Activity Relationships 8.3.1.2 Molecular and Biochemical Techniques 8.3.1.3 Toxicity Testing for EDCs with Saltwater Organisms 8.3.1.4 Protection of Aquatic Assemblages TBT Case Study 8.3.2. Retrospective Risk Assessment 8.3.2.1 Assessment of EDCs by Field Monitoring 8.3.2.1.1 Morphological Indicators and Biomarkers 8.3.2.1.2 In Situ Bioassays 8.3.2.1.3 Population and Assemblage Monitoring 8.4 Conclusions References 2002 CRC Press LLC 8.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter considers some of the issues associated with risk assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals EDCs in the saltwater environment. Endocrine disrupting chemicals have been defined in the following way An endocrine disrupter is an exogenous substance that causes adverse health effects in an intact organism or its progeny secondary to changes in endocrine function. 1 In other words an EDC is a substance that interacts with an animal s endocrine system thereby altering processes under hormonal control. These substances as a class were first linked to potentially widespread reproductive and developmental disorders in both humans and wildlife in the early 1990s 2 although earlier studies had also implicated other environmental pollutants as a cause of reproductive failure e.g. see Reference 3 . Over the past decade there has been considerable .