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Báo cáo y học: " New approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học 'Respiratory Research cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài:" New approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. | Ahmad Respiratory Research 2010 11 169 http respiratory-research.eom content 11 1 169 RESPIRATORY RESEARCH REVIEW Open Access New approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection Suhail Ahmad Abstract With nearly 9 million new active disease cases and 2 million deaths occurring worldwide every year tuberculosis continues to remain a major public health problem. Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to active disease in only 10 people. An effective immune response in remaining individuals stops M. tuberculosis multiplication. However the pathogen is completely eradicated in 10 people while others only succeed in containment of infection as some bacilli escape killing and remain in non-replicating dormant state latent tuberculosis infection in old lesions. The dormant bacilli can resuscitate and cause active disease if a disruption of immune response occurs. Nearly one-third of world population is latently infected with M. tuberculosis and 5 -10 of infected individuals will develop active disease during their life time. However the risk of developing active disease is greatly increased 5 -15 every year and 50 over lifetime by human immunodeficiency virus-coinfection. While active transmission is a significant contributor of active disease cases in high tuberculosis burden countries most active disease cases in low tuberculosis incidence countries arise from this pool of latently infected individuals. A positive tuberculin skin test or a more recent and specific interferon-gamma release assay in a person without overt signs of active disease indicates latent tuberculosis infection. Two commercial interferon-gamma release assays QFT-G-IT and T-SPOT.TB have been developed. The standard treatment for latent tuberculosis infection is daily therapy with isoniazid for nine months. Other options include therapy with rifampicin for 4 months or isoniazid rifampicin for 3 months or rifampicin pyrazinamide for 2 months or isoniazid rifapentine .