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The Coming of Materials Science P15

Các chuyên ngành cơ bản của cơ khí bao gồm: động học, tĩnh học, sức bền vật liệu, truyền nhiệt, động lực dòng chảy, cơ học vật rắn, điều khiển học, khí động học, thủy lực, chuyển động học và các ứng dụng nhiệt động lực học. Các kỹ sư cơ khí cũng đòi hỏi phải có kiến thức và năng lực áp dụng những khái niệm trong môi trường kỹ thuật điện và hóa học. Với một mức độ nhỏ, cơ khí còn trở thành kỹ thuật phân tử - một mục tiêu viễn cảnh của nó là tạo. | 470 The Coming of Materials Science initially to foster research in nuclear physics because radiation damage see Section 5.1.3 was an unavoidable accompaniment to the accelerator experiments carried out at Brookhaven a solid-state group was soon established and grew rapidly. Vineyard was one of its luminaries. In 1957 Vineyard with George Dienes wrote an influential early book Radiation Damage in Solids. Crease comments that this book helped to bolster the image of solid-state physics as a basic branch of physics . In 1973 Vineyard became laboratory director. In 1972 some autobiographical remarks by Vineyard were published at the front of the proceedings of a conference on simulation of lattice defects Vineyard 1972 . Vineyard recalls that in 1957 at a conference on chemistry and physics of metals he explained the then current analytical theory of the damage cascade a collision sequence originating from one very high-energy particle . During discussion the idea came up that a computer might be applied to follow in more detail what actually goes on in radiation damage cascades . Some insisted that this could not be done on a computer others such as a well-known argumentative GE scientist John Fisher that it was not necessary. Fisher insisted that the job could be done well enough by hand and was then goaded into promising to demonstrate. He went off to his room to work next morning he asked for a little more time promising to send me the results soon after he got home. After two weeks. he admitted that he had given up. Vineyard then drew up a scheme with an atomic model for copper and a procedure for solving the classical equations of state. However since he knew nothing about computers he sought help from the chief applied mathematician at Brookhaven Milton Rose and was delighted when Rose encouragingly replied that it s a great problem this is just what computers were designed for . One of Rose s mathematicians showed Vineyard how to program one of the early IBM .