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báo cáo khoa học: "Alcohol tolerance and Adh gene frequencies in European and African populations of Drosophila melanogaster"

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Alcohol tolerance and Adh gene frequencies in European and African populations of Drosophila melanogaster | Génét. Sél. Evol. 1986 18 4 405-416 Alcohol tolerance and Adh gene frequencies in European and African populations of Drosophila melanogaster J.R. DAVID H. MERỌOT p. CAPY S.F. McEVEY and Jeanine VAN HERREWEGE Lạbọratoirẹ de Biologie et Génétique Evolutives C.N.R.S F 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette Laboratoire de Génétique des Populations Université Paris VII 2 place Jussieu F 75221 Paris Cedex 05 Laboratoire de Biologie des Populations Université Claude Bernard F 69622 Villeurbanne Summary Natural populations from France several countries around the Mediterranean sea tropical Africa and South Africa were investigated for ethanol tolerance and allelic frequencies at the Adh locus. Both traits exhibited a clinal pattern i.e. an increase of tolerance and of the frequency of the Adh-F allele with latitude. Larvae exhibited variations in tolerance similar to those previously known in adults in agreement with the hypothesis that in nature larvae could be the effective target of ethanol selection. Between Europe and Africa the latitudinal cline for the Adh locus is not linear but rather exhibits a sigmoid shape with a very steep slope between 30 and 40 of latitude. Populations from South Africa are conveniently included in this general shape. Both types of clines seem to have some adaptive significance. However the very high correlation 0.89 between variations of ethanol tolerance and of Adh-F allele is not a demonstration of a causal relationship between the two traits. Key words Drosophila melanogaster allozymes Adh polymorphism alcohol tolerance latitudinal clines. Résumé Tolerance à Talcool et frequences alléliques de Adh Chez des populations européennes et africaines de Drosophila melanogaster. Des populations naturelles provenant de France du pourtour de la Méditerranée d Afrique tropicale et d Afrique du Sud ont été étudiées pour leur tolerance à 1 alcool et les frequences alléliques du locus Adh. Les 2 caractères montrent une variation clinale c est-à-dire une augmentation .