Tuân thủ đưa ra lời khuyên cẩn thận về bệnh tật, điều trị, và chiến lược tự giúp đỡ x Chế độ ăn uống đảm bảo đầy đủ dinh dưỡng nói chung và ở những bệnh nhân béo phì, trọng lượng giảm x Salt-tư vấn cho bệnh nhân để tránh những thức ăn muối cao và không thêm muối | ABC of heart failure Non-drug management C R Gibbs G Jackson G Y H Lip Approaches to the management of heart failure can be both non-pharmacological and pharmacological each approach complements the other. This article will discuss non-pharmacological management. Counselling and education of patients Effective counselling and education of patients and of the relatives or carers is important and may enhance long term adherence to management strategies. Simple explanations about the symptoms and signs of heart failure including details on drug and other treatment strategies are valuable. Emphasis should be placed on self help strategies for each patient these should include information on the need to adhere to drug treatment. Some patients can be instructed how to monitor their weight at home on a daily basis and how to adjust the dose of diuretics as advised sudden weight increases 2 kg in 1-3 days for example should alert a patient to alter his or her treatment or seek advice. Non-pharmacological measures for the management of heart failure Compliance give careful advice about disease treatment and self help strategies Diet ensure adequate general nutrition and in obese patients weight reduction Salt advise patients to avoid high salt content foods and not to add salt particularly in severe cases of congestive heart failure Fluid urge overloaded patients and those with severe congestive heart failure to restrict their fluid intake Alcohol advise moderate alcohol consumption abstinence in alcohol related cardiomyopathy Smoking avoid smoking adverse effects on coronary disease adverse haemodynamic effects Exercise regular exercise should be encouraged Vaccination patients should consider influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations Lifestyle measures Urging patients to alter their lifestyle is important in the management of chronic heart failure. Social activities should be encouraged however and care should be taken to ensure that patients avoid social isolation. If .
