MARK MICHAELIS’S OVERVIEW OF THE C# language has become a standard reference for developers. In this, its third edition, programmers will find a thoughtful, well-written guide to the intricacies of one of the world’s most popular computer languages. Having laid a strong foundation in the earlier editions of this book, Mark adds new chapters that explain the latest features in both C# and the .NET Framework. | Essential . C Mark Michaelis A Addison-Wesley Upper Saddle River NJ Boston Indianapolis San Francisco New York Toronto Montreal London Munich Paris Madrid Capetown Sydney Tokyo Singapore Mexico City Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. The .NET logo is either a registered trademark or trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and or other countries and is used under license from Microsoft. Microsoft Windows Visual Basic Visual C and Visual C are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the . and or other countries regions. The author and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales which may include electronic versions and or custom covers and content particular to your business training goals marketing focus and branding interests. For more information please contact . Corporate and Government Sales 800 382-3419 corpsales@ For sales outside the United States please contact International Sales international@ Visit us on the Web aw Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Michaelis Mark. Essential C Mark Michaelis. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-321-69469-0 pbk. alk. paper 1. C Computer program language I. Title. 3 dc22 2009052592 Copyright 2010 Pearson Education Inc. All rights .