Xem cũng di truyền hemochromatosis. (Ferroxidase) màu xanh alpha-2-glycoprotein gắn 90 đến 95% huyết tương đồng và có sáu hoặc bảy ion cupric mỗi phân tử. Đó là tham gia vào peroxy của Fe (II) transferrin để tạo thành Fe (III) transferrin. Aceruloplasminemia là một rối loạn di truyền do đột biến ở gen | 176 CENTROCYTIC LYMPHOMA Transformed medium-sized B-lymphocytes with cleaved nuclei. They show p- and Ỗ-immunoglobulin chains on their surfaces. CENTROCYTIC LYMPHOMA See Mantle-cell lymphoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. CENTROMERE The region in eukaryote chromosomes where daughter chromatids are joined together. The kinetochore to which the spindle chromosomes are attached lies adjacent to the centromere. The centromeric DNA codes for the kinetochore. CERULOPLASMIN See also Hereditary hemochromatosis. Ferroxidase A blue alpha-2-glycoprotein that binds 90 to 95 of plasma copper and has six or seven cupric ions per molecule. It is involved in peroxidation of Fe II transferrin to form Fe III transferrin. Hereditary aceruloplasminemia is an autosomally recessive disorder due to mutations in the Cp gene 3q23-q24 . Affected persons usually diagnosed at middle age have low serum ceruloplasmin and copper levels elevated serum ferritin levels and progressive dementia extrapyramidal disorders cerebellar ataxia diabetes mellitus and hepatic iron loading. CHAGA DISEASE See Trypanosomiasis. CHECKPOINT KINASES 1 AND 2 These are critical kinases in cell cycle regulation. Damaged DNA in humans is detected by sensor proteins that transmit a signal via ATR to ChK1 or by another sensor complex the signal of which is relayed by ATM to ChK2. Most of the damage signals originated by the sensor complexes for the G2 checkpoint are conducted to Cdc25C the activity of which is modulated by 14-3-3. While the ATM-Chk2 pathway is activated primarily by ionizing radiation IR -induced DNA damage and is nonessential for cell viability the ATR-Chk1 pathway is induced primarily by stalled DNA replication and is essential at least for early embryogenesis. Although structurally very different Chk1 and Chk2 phosphorylate many common substrates and have partly overlapping roles. The cell-cycle checkpoint pathways ultimately inhibit cyclin-dependent kinases Cdks thereby delaying or arresting the cell cycle at
